Government end users are "commercial computer software" or "commercial computer software documentation" pursuant to the applicable Federal Acquisition Regulation and agency-specific supplemental regulations. The terms governing the U. Government's use of Oracle cloud services are defined by the applicable contract for such services. No other rights are granted to the U. This software or hardware is developed for general use in a variety of information management applications.
It is not developed or intended for use in any inherently dangerous applications, including applications that may create a risk of personal injury. If you use this software or hardware in dangerous applications, then you shall be responsible to take all appropriate fail-safe, backup, redundancy, and other measures to ensure its safe use. Oracle Corporation and its affiliates disclaim any liability for any damages caused by use of this software or hardware in dangerous applications.
Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Intel and Intel Inside are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation. This software or hardware and documentation may provide access to or information about content, products, and services from third parties. Oracle products follow a custom release-numbering and -naming convention. The 'c' in the current release, Oracle Database 19c, stands for 'Cloud'.
Previous releases e. Oracle Database 10g and Oracle9i Database have used suffixes of 'g' and 'i' which stand for 'Grid' and 'Internet' respectively. Prior to the release of Oracle8i Database, no suffixes featured in Oracle Database naming conventions.
Note that there was no v1 of Oracle Database, as Larry Ellison, 'knew no one would want to buy version 1'. The Oracle Database Administrators Guide includes a brief history on some of the key innovations introduced with each major release of Oracle Database. Oracle Database may be licensed and deployed on-premises on a choice of platforms including Oracle Engineered Systems, and on-Cloud with a choice of services running on general purpose hardware or Exadata.
The various editions and Cloud services provide different levels of database functionality for difference use cases e. Oracle Database Cloud Services are available on a choice of general purpose hardware and Exadata engineered systems, in either virtual machines environments or 'bare metal' infrastructure now known as Oracle Cloud Infrastructure.
As of , the latest Oracle Database version In , Oracle Corporation announced the availability of Oracle Database Appliance, a pre-built, pre-tuned, highly available clustered database server built using two SunFire X86 servers and direct attached storage. Some Oracle Enterprise Edition databases running on certain Oracle-supplied hardware can use Hybrid Columnar Compression for more efficient storage. The Oracle Database offers a wide range of options [18] and features in the areas of Availability, Scalability, Analytics, Performance, Security, Management, Developers and Integration.
These aim to enhance and complement existing database functionality to meet customer-specific requirements. Apart from the clearly defined database options, Oracle databases may include many semi-autonomous software sub-systems, which Oracle Corporation sometimes refers to as 'features' in a sense subtly different from the normal use of the word. Oracle database provides a long list of supported data models that can be used and managed inside Oracle database:.
Oracle Corporation classifies as 'utilities' bundled software supporting data transfer, data maintenance and database administration. As of Oracle Corporation had started a drive toward 'wizard'-driven environments with a view to enabling non-programmers to produce simple, integrates hardware-optimized Java code into an Oracle 10g database. The support site provides users of Oracle Corporation products with a repository of reported problems, diagnostic scripts and solutions. It also integrates with the provision of support tools, patches and upgrades.
The data captured provides an overview of the Oracle Database environment intended for diagnostic and trouble-shooting. Oracle Corporation also endorses certain practices and conventions as enhancing the use of its database products. These include:. The Oracle Certification Program, a professional certification program, includes the administration of Oracle Databases as one of its main certification paths. It contains three levels:. However, since they share many of the same customers, Oracle and IBM tend to support each other's products in many middleware and application categories for example: WebSphere, PeopleSoft, and Siebel SystemsCRM , and IBM's hardware divisions work closely [ citation needed ] with Oracle on performance-optimizing server-technologies for example, Linux on z Systems.
Database products licensed as open source are, by the legal terms of the Open Source Definition, free to distribute and free of royalty or other licensing fees. An Oracle database system—identified by an alphanumeric system identifier or SID [74] —comprises at least one instance of the application, along with data storage. An instance—identified persistently by an instantiation number or activation id: SYS.
Oracle documentation can refer to an active database instance as a 'shared memory realm'. The SGA typically holds cache information such as.
Segments in turn comprise one or more extents. Extents comprise groups of contiguous data blocks. Data blocks form the basic units of data storage. The partitioning feature was introduced in Oracle 8.
Specific partitions can then be added or dropped to help manage large data sets. Oracle database management tracks its computer data storage with the help of information stored in the SYSTEM tablespace.
A data dictionary consists of a special collection of tables that contains information about all user-objects in the database.
Since version 8 i , the Oracle RDBMS also supports 'locally managed' tablespaces that store space management information in bitmaps in their own headers rather than in the SYSTEM tablespace as happens with the default 'dictionary-managed' tablespaces.
At the physical level, data files comprise one or more data blocks, where the block size can vary between data files. Data files can occupy pre-allocated space in the file system of a computer server, use raw disk directly, or exist within ASM logical volumes. After the installation process sets up sample tables, the user logs into the database with the username scott and the password tiger. Each Oracle instance allocates itself an SGA when it starts and de-allocates it at shut-down time.
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